Thyroid orbitopathy is a condition associated with thyroid gland issues that can cause complications such as corneal exposure, optic neuropathy, and inflammation of the orbit. These problems can lead to significant discomfort and affect the patient’s quality of life. When these complications cannot be controlled with conservative measures, one treatment option is orbital decompression. This is a surgical procedure performed to relieve pressure within the eye sockets in patients with severe thyroid orbitopathy that does not respond to other treatments. Its aim is to create more space in the orbit so that the muscles, nerves, and blood vessels can function properly, thereby improving the patient’s eye health and vision.

Types of Orbital Decompression:

There are two main techniques for orbital decompression:

  • Fat-only Orbital Decompression: In this procedure, excess fat is removed from the orbit to increase the available space. This is usually recommended for mild to moderate cases of exophthalmos.
  • Bony Orbital Decompression with Orbital Lipectomy: This technique involves the resection of one or more bony walls of the orbit, along with the removal of orbital fat. It is performed in more severe cases of exophthalmos or when fat-only decompression has not been effective.

This surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The specialist ophthalmologist makes an incision in the skin of the upper or lower eyelid and accesses the orbit. They then proceed to remove the excess fat or bone, depending on the chosen technique. Finally, the incision is closed, and dressings are applied to reduce inflammation.

Recovery from Orbital Decompression:

Most patients experience significant improvement in their thyroid orbitopathy symptoms after orbital decompression. The complete recovery time can vary from 4 to 6 weeks. During this time, patients will need to follow their doctor’s instructions, which may include:

  • Using cold compresses to reduce inflammation.
  • Taking medications for pain and inflammation.
  • Avoiding intense physical exertion.
  • Attending postoperative check-ups with their ophthalmologist.