Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive eye disease that affects the retina, the layer of light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye. It is characterized by a gradual loss of photoreceptor cells, the rods and cones, which are responsible for capturing light and sending signals to the brain so that we can see.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is caused by mutations in various genes that affect the function of photoreceptor cells. As these cells degenerate, abnormal pigments accumulate in the retina, which is where the name of the disease comes from.

Symptoms of Retinitis Pigmentosa:

The symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) vary from person to person and progress over time. The most common symptoms include:

  • Gradual loss of peripheral vision, as if looking through a “tunnel” or a “shotgun barrel.”
  • Difficulty seeing in low light conditions or night blindness.
  • Blurry or distorted vision.
  • Loss of central vision in advanced stages.

Diagnosis of the Condition:

The diagnosis of RP is made through a comprehensive eye examination and tests such as:

  • Retina examination: To observe signs like narrowed blood vessels, pigmentation spots, and retinal atrophy.
  • Visual field test: To assess peripheral vision.
  • Electroretinography: To measure the electrical activity of the photoreceptor cells.
  • Genetic testing: To identify genetic mutations associated with RP.