Pterygium and pinguecula are two non-cancerous growths that can affect the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye (sclera) and the inner part of the eyelids.

Pinguecula:

  • It is a raised yellow or white growth that occurs on the conjunctiva near the cornea.
  • The pinguecula does not invade the cornea and typically does not affect vision.
  • The primary cause of pinguecula is excessive exposure to sunlight (UV rays), especially in individuals who spend a lot of time outdoors without adequate eye protection. 
  • Other risk factors include wind, dust, dry eyes, and smoking.
  • While there is no cure for pinguecula, treatment can help relieve symptoms such as irritation, dryness, or a sandy sensation in the eye.
  • Treatment may include artificial tears, anti-inflammatory eye drops, or steroids.
  • In very rare cases, the pinguecula can grow large enough to affect vision, in which case surgery may be recommended for removal.

Pterygium:

  • Also known as “surfer’s eye,” pterygium is an abnormal triangular growth that is white or pink in color and occurs on the conjunctiva, invading the cornea.
  • If the pterygium grows enough to affect the cornea, it can cause astigmatism, a condition that distorts vision.
  • In severe cases, the pterygium can grow over the pupil, obstructing vision.
  • The causes of pterygium are not fully understood, but are believed to be related to a combination of factors, including:
    • Excessive exposure to sunlight (UV rays)
    • Dry eyes
    • Wind and dust
    • Certain medications
    • Smoking
  • Treatment for pterygium may include artificial tears, anti-inflammatory eye drops, or steroids. 
  • In severe cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the pterygium.
  • Pterygium surgery is an outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia.
  • After surgery, it is important to protect the eye from the sun to prevent the pterygium from returning.