Facial paralysis and lagophthalmos are conditions that affect the facial muscles, causing weakness or loss of movement on one side of the face. This can have a significant impact on facial expression, speech, and, in severe cases, vision.

One of the most important issues associated with facial paralysis is lagophthalmos, which refers to the inability to fully close one or both eyes. This can expose the ocular surface to air, dust, and dirt, leading to dryness, irritation, and an increased risk of infections and corneal injuries. In severe cases, lagophthalmos can result in corneal ulcers and vision loss .

Causes of Facial Paralysis or Lagophthalmos:

Facial paralysis and lagophthalmos can be caused by various factors, including:

  • Facial nerve damage: The facial nerve controls facial muscles. Any injury to this nerve, whether due to compression, inflammation, or infection, can lead to facial paralysis and lagophthalmos.
  • Stroke: A stroke can affect the facial nerve, causing facial paralysis and lagophthalmos.
  • Trauma: A blow or injury to the face can damage the facial nerve, leading to facial paralysis and lagophthalmos.
  • Tumors: A brain or facial tumor can put pressure on the facial nerve, resulting in facial paralysis and lagophthalmos.
  • Infections: Some infections, such as Lyme disease or infectious mononucleosis, can affect the facial nerve and cause paralysis.

Symptoms:

Symptoms may vary and can include:

  • Drooping of the upper eyelid: The upper eyelid on the affected side may droop, leaving the eye open.
  • Inability to close the eye: In some cases, it may be impossible to fully close the affected eye.
  • Eye dryness: The surface of the eye may become dry and irritated.
  • Eye redness: The eye may appear red and inflamed.
  • Light sensitivity: The eyes may be sensitive to bright light.
  • Blurred vision: In severe cases, dryness and eye irritation can lead to blurred vision.
  • Eye pain: Some patients may experience discomfort or pain in the eye .

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, facial paralysis resolves on its own over time. However, in other cases, treatment may be necessary to protect the eye and prevent complications.

Treatment options may include:

  • Artificial tears: To help keep the eye moist and protected.
  • Lubricating ointments: To protect the cornea from dryness and irritation.
  • Artificial eyelids: In severe cases, an artificial eyelid may be used to help keep the eye closed.
  • Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be required to correct eyelid drooping or improve eye closure.