Eyelashes, in addition to protecting our eyes from dust and foreign bodies, also serve an important aesthetic function. However, when eyelashes grow abnormally, they can become a problem for our eye health. These conditions are known as distichiasis and trichiasis.

Distichiasis:

In distichiasis, eyelashes grow in an abnormal position, often through the openings of the Meibomian glands located at the edges of the eyelids. These glands are responsible for producing the oil that lubricates the ocular surface. When eyelashes grow in this area, they can block the openings, preventing the oil from spreading properly. This can lead to irritation, inflammation, and damage to the ocular surface, known as dry keratitis.

Trichiasis:

In trichiasis, normal eyelashes grow inward towards the eye, constantly rubbing against the ocular surface. This can cause irritation, pain, infection, and, in more severe cases, damage to the cornea. The cornea is the transparent layer that covers the front of the eye and is essential for good vision.

Causes of Distichiasis and Trichiasis:

The causes of distichiasis and trichiasis can vary , including:

  • Ocular infections: Such as blepharitis or conjunctivitis.
  • Inflammation of the eyelids: Such as blepharitis or Sjögren’s syndrome.
  • Genetic disorders: Such as congenital distichiasis.
  • Ocular injuries: Such as trauma or surgery.

Treatment of Distichiasis and Trichiasis:

The treatment for distichiasis and trichiasis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. There are several treatment options, such as:

  • Manual epilation: Manual removal of the affected eyelashes.
  • Laser: Destruction of the hair follicle of the affected eyelash using laser.
  • Electrocautery: Use of an electric current to cauterize the hair follicle of the affected eyelash.
  • IPL (Intense Pulsed Light): Destruction of the hair follicle of the affected eyelash using intense pulsed light.
  • Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the position of the eyelids or to remove the affected eyelashes.