A chalazion, also known as a stye, is a painful inflammation of a sebaceous gland (Meibomian gland) located at the edge of the eyelid. These glands produce oil that helps keep the eyes moist and prevents dryness. When a Meibomian gland becomes blocked and inflamed, a sensitive lump forms at the eyelid ‘s edge .
The exact cause is not always clear, but several factors can increase the risk of developing it, such as:
- Bacterial infection: A bacterial infection is the most common cause of chalazia. Bacteria can accumulate at the edge of the eyelids and obstruct the Meibomian glands, causing inflammation.
- Meibomian gland dysfunction: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a condition in which these glands do not produce enough oil or produce poor-quality oil. This can lead to gland obstruction and increase the risk.
- Blepharitis: Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids that can affect the Meibomian glands and increase the risk.
- Rosacea: Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that causes redness, swelling, and visible blood vessels on the face. It can also affect the eyelids and increase the risk.
- Dry eye: Dry eye can be a risk factor, as a lack of tears can increase irritation and inflammation of the eyelids.
Symptoms
The symptoms vary and may include:
- A sensitive lump at the edge of the eyelid,
- Inflammation and redness of the eyelid,
- Pain in the eyelid,
- Itching in the eye,
- Difficulty in opening the eye.
- In some cases, there may be blurred vision.
