Xanthelasma is a yellow or white plaque that develops on the thin skin of the eyelids, usually near the inner corner of the eye. It is benign, meaning it is not cancerous, but it can be cosmetically unappealing and, in some cases, may indicate an underlying medical condition.

The exact cause of xanthelasma is not fully understood, but it is primarily associated with the accumulation of fat deposits (lipids) in the skin of the eyelids. Several factors can increase the risk of developing it , including:

  • Elevated cholesterol or triglyceride levels in the blood (hyperlipidemia), which is the most common cause of xanthelasmas
  • Genetics, since if you have family members with xanthelasmas, you are more likely to develop them
  • Age, as xanthelasmas are more common in people over 40 years old
  • Certain health conditions, such as diabetes , high blood pressure, and liver disease, which can increase the risk of xanthelasmas
  • Use of certain medications, as some medications, like corticosteroids, can increase the risk of xanthelasmas.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Xanthelasmas are typically asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause pain or discomfort. However, they can be aesthetically unappealing and may impact some individuals’ self-esteem. In rare cases, xanthelasmas can grow large enough to hinder vision.

The diagnosis of xanthelasmas is based on the appearance of the plaques and a medical examination. Your ophthalmologist may inquire about your medical and family history and may conduct tests to determine if you have elevated cholesterol or triglyceride levels in your blood.

Treatment for Xanthelasma

Treatment is not always necessary, especially if the xanthelasmas do not cause discomfort. However, several treatment options are available for individuals who wish to remove xanthelasmas for cosmetic reasons:

  • Lifestyle changes: If the xanthelasmas are linked to elevated cholesterol or triglyceride levels in the blood, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet, regular exercise, and weight loss if necessary.
  • Topical treatments: Several creams and gels are available that may help reduce the appearance of xanthelasmas. 
  • Medical procedures: Various medical procedures can be used to remove xanthelasmas, including laser surgery, cauterization, or cryotherapy.