Astigmatism is a common refractive error that affects the shape of the cornea, the clear front layer of the eye. Instead of having a uniformly curved surface like a tennis ball, the cornea has a more irregular shape, similar to a spoon.
This irregular shape of the cornea causes light rays to refract unevenly, preventing them from focusing correctly on a single point on the retina, the light-sensitive back part of the eye. As a result, individuals with astigmatism experience blurred or distorted vision at all distances, both near and far.
Symptomatology:
In addition to blurry or distorted vision, other common symptoms may include:
- Eye strain: The eyes may become tired or painful after reading or engaging in activities that require focus.
- Squinting: Individuals may frequently squint in an attempt to sharpen their vision.
- Headaches: In some cases, this condition can cause headaches, particularly around the eyes.
- Difficulty seeing at night: Night vision can be more challenging.
The exact cause of this refractive error is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some children are born with astigmatism, while others may develop it later in life due to injuries or eye diseases.
Treatment of Astigmatism:
Astigmatism can generally be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.
- Glasses: Glasses with specially curved toric lenses can help focus light correctly on the retina and enhance vision.
- Contact lenses: Toric contact lenses can also correct astigmatism and provide clear sight .
- Refractive surgery: Refractive surgery, such as LASIK or PRK, can reshape the cornea to permanently correct astigmatism.
